CTFL 2018 PREPARATION EXAM 01

Instructions:
Number of Questions: 66
Must be finished in one sitting. You cannot save and finish later.
Has a pass mark of: 65%

1. Which of the following are aids to good communication and which hinder it ?

I.Try to understand how the other person feels

II.Communicate personal feelings, concentrating upon individuals

III.Confirm the other person has understood what you have said and vice versa

IV.Emphasize the common goal of better quality

V.Each discussion is a battle to be won

(I), (II) and (III) aid, (IV) and (V) hinder

(III), (IV) and (V) aid, and (I) and (II) hinder

(I), (III), and (IV) aid, (II) and (V) hinder

(II), (III) and (IV) aid, (I) and (V) hinder

2. Recall the activity that removes the cause of a failure

Testing

Debugging

Dynamic Testing

Reverse engineering

3. Which of the following could be a root cause of a defect in financial software in which an incorrect interest rate is calculated?

Insufficient funds were available to pay the interest rate calculated

Insufficient calculations of compound interest were included

Insufficient training was given to the developers concerning compound interest calculation rules

Inaccurate calculators were used to calculate the expected results

4. Which of the following is considered as a test monitoring activity, and which is considered as a test control activity?

i. Delaying the release date because the UAT build is not ready yet

ii. Calculating the number of test cases executed during the last iteration

iii. Holding a retrospective meeting at the end of an iteration

iv. Changing the story points of a user story from 5 to 20 because a new risk has been identified

v. Looking at the burn-down chart and analyzing points where the team was off-track

ii,v are monitoring activities while i,iii,iv are control activities

ii is a monitoring activity while i,iii,iv,v are control activities

ii,iii are monitoring activities while i,iv,v are control activities

ii,iii,v are monitoring activities while i,iv are control activities

5. Defect reports are considered as which type of test work products ?

Test implementation work products

Test execution work products

Test Completion work products

Test design work products

6. Comparing actual results with expected results occurs during which activity in the fundamental test process?

Test Monitoring & Control

Test Analysis

Test Implementation

Test Execution

7. Which objective may be obtained by having testers work closely with system designers while the system is being designed ?

Reduce the risk of incorrect or untestable functionality being developed

Reduce the risk of fundamental design defects and enable tests to be identified at an early stage

Reduce the risk of defects within the code and the tests

Increase the likelihood that the software meets stakeholder needs and satisfies requirements

8. Which objective may be obtained by having testers verify and validate the software prior to release ?

Reduce the risk of incorrect or untestable functionality being developed

Reduce the risk of fundamental design defects and enable tests to be identified at an early stage

Reduce the risk of defects within the code and the tests

Increase the likelihood that the software meets stakeholder needs and satisfies requirements

9. Test summary reports are considered as which type of test work products ?

Test implementation work products

Test execution work products

Test Completion work products

Test design work products

10. Which of the following statements best describes one of the seven key principles of software testing ?

Automated tests are better than manual tests for avoiding the exhaustive testing

Exhaustive testing is, with sufficient effort and tool support, feasible for all software

It is normally impossible to test all input/output combinations for a software system

The purpose of testing is to demonstrate the absence of defects

11. Test progress reports are considered as which type of test work products ?

Test planning work products

Test monitoring and control work products

Test Analysis work products

Test design work products

12. Designing and prioritizing test cases occurs during which activity in the fundamental test process?

Test planning

Test analysis

Test Design

Test Completion

13. A new retail product was released to production by your company. Shortly after the release it was apparent that there were numerous problems with the point of sale application. This resulted in a number of customer complaints and negative postings on social media encouraging people to take their business to your competitor. You have investigated the problems and have discovered that the production point of sale equipment is a later model than the model used in testing. The software functions correctly on the old version, but fails on the later model.

Given this scenario, what is the root cause and what is the effect?

The root cause is the old equipment and the effect is the new equipment

The root cause is the customer complaints and the effect is the social media postings

The root cause is conducting the testing on the wrong version of the equipment and the effect is the customer complaints and postings

The root cause is the software failing on the later model and the effect is the customer complaints

14. An android application has a bug which results in incorrect interest payments, due to a single line of incorrect code. This bug results in customer complaints. When root cause analysis was performed, the root cause was identified as the lack of product owner understanding in the interest calculations. which of the following is considered as a “failure” ?

The customer complaints

The incorrect interest payments

The improper calculation in the code

lack of knowledge on the part of the product owner

15. Which of the following is most important to promote and maintain good relationships between testers and developers?

Understanding what managers value about testing

Explaining test results in a neutral fashion

Identifying potential customer workarounds for bugs

Promoting better quality software whenever possible

16. Which of the following is the correct way of writing the user story ?

As a , I want , so that

Given , when , then

User is able to login with Facebook or google plus

All the requirements should follow the business rule #17

17. Which of the statements below is the best assessment of how the test principles apply across the test life cycle?

Test principles only affect the preparation for testing

Test principles only affect test execution activities

Test principles affect the early test activities such as review

Test principles affect activities throughout the test life cycle

18. Checking test results and test logs against specified coverage criteria occurs during which activity in the fundamental test process?

Test Monitoring & Control

Test Analysis

Test Implementation

Test Execution

19. What is the definition of debugging ?

Checking that no unintended consequence have occurred as a result of a fix

Testing/checking whether the software performs correctly

Identifying the cause of a defect, repairing the code and checking the fix is correct

Checking that a previously reported defect has been corrected

20. A test team consistently finds between 95% and 97% of the defect present in the system under test. While the test leader understands that this is a good defect detection percentage for her test team and industry, senior management and executives remain disappointed in the test group saying that the test team misses too many bugs. Given that the users are generally happy with the system and that the failures which have occurred have generally been low impact, which of the following testing principles is most likely to help the test leader explain to these managers and executives why some defects are likely to be missed.

Exhaustive Testing is impossible

Pesticide paradox

Defect clustering

Absence of error fallacy

21. Checking whether all defect reports are closed occurs during which activity in the fundamental test process?

Test planning

Test analysis

Test Design

Test Completion

22. In which Development model may the testers be involved in debugging and component testing ?

Agile and iterative models

Waterfall Model

V-model

Mobile Model

23. Which of the following is a correct relationship between quality control, quality assurance, and quality management ?

Quality management includes both quality control and quality assurance

Quality Control includes both quality management and quality assurance

Quality Assurance includes both quality management and quality control

Quality control and quality assurance are the same and quality management is part of them

24. Which of the following is not a correct statement about software testing and quality assurance ?

Software testing and quality assurance are not the same

Quality assurance supports proper testing

Some people use the phrase quality assurance to refer to testing

There must be two different roles in any type of organization, quality assurance specialist and software tester

25. If you need to provide a report showing test case execution coverage of the requirements, what do you need to track?

Traceability between the test cases and the requirements

Coverage of the risk items by test case

Traceability between the requirements and the risk items

Coverage of the requirements by the test cases that have been designed

26. Which of the following is considered as a type of validation ?

Checking whether the system meets the user stories written by the product owner

Checking whether the system meets user and stakeholders need

Checking whether enough component Testing has been done

Checking whether reported defects are solved

27. As a tester, which of the following is a key to effectively communicate and maintain positive relationships with developers when there is disagreement over the prioritization of a defect?

Escalate the issue to human resources and stress the importance of mutual respect

Communicate in a setting with senior management to ensure everyone understands

Convince the developer to accept the blame for the mistake

Remind them of the common goal of creating quality systems

28. System test execution on a project is planned for eight weeks. After a week of testing, a tester suggests that the test objective stated in the test plan of ‘finding as many defects as possible during system test’ might be more closely met by redirecting the test effort according to which test principle?

Impossibility of exhaustive testing

Importance of early testing

The absence of errors fallacy

Defect clustering

29. An android application has a bug which results in incorrect interest payments, due to a single line of incorrect code. This bug results in customer complaints. When root cause analysis was performed, the root cause was identified as the lack of product owner understanding in the interest calculations. which of the following is considered as a “Defect” ?

The customer complaints

The incorrect interest payments

The improper calculation in the code

Lack of knowledge on the part of the product owner

30. According to the ISTQB Glossary, the word “bug” is synonymous with which of the following ?

Error

Incident

Defect

Mistake

31. Which of the following is an important objective of testing activities in the software development lifecycle ?

Exhaustive testing

Providing decision-making information

Clustering defects

Debugging

32. Which of the following is a true statement about exhaustive testing ?

It is a form of stress testing

It is not feasible except in the case of trivial software

It is commonly done with test automation

It is normally the responsibility of the developer during unit testing

33. Developing and prioritizing test procedures occurs during which activity in the fundamental test process?

Test Monitoring & Control

Test Analysis

Test Implementation

Test Execution

34. An android application has a bug which results in incorrect interest payments, due to a single line of incorrect code. This bug results in customer complaints. When root cause analysis was performed, the root cause was identified as the lack of product owner understanding in the interest calculations. which of the following is considered as an “effect” ?

The customer complaints

The incorrect interest payments

The improper calculation in the code is

lack of knowledge on the part of the product owner

35. Which statement about testing is true?

Testing is started as early as possible in the life cycle

Testing is started after the code is written so that we have a system with which to work

Testing is most economically done at the end of the life cycle

Testing can only be done by an independent test team

36. For which test level may this objective be relevant ?

“Increase code coverage of modules”

Component Testing

Integration Testing

System Testing

Acceptance Testing

37. Which objective may be obtained by having testers involved in requirements reviews or user story refinement ?

Reduces the risk of incorrect or untestable functionality being developed

Reduce the risk of fundamental design defects and enable tests to be identified at an early stage

Reduce the risk of defects within the code and the tests

Increase the likelihood that the software meets stakeholder needs and satisfies requirements

38. For which test level may this objective be relevant ?

“Give information to stakeholders about the risk of releasing the system at a given time”

Component Testing

Integration Testing

Functional Testing

Acceptance Testing

39. A company recently purchased a commercial off-the-shelf application to automate their bill-paying process. They now plan to run an acceptance test against the package prior to putting it into production. Which of the following is their most likely reason for testing?

To build confidence in the application

To detect bugs in the application

To gather evidence for a lawsuit

To train the users

40. Ensuring that test design starts during the requirements definition phase is important to enable which of the following test objectives?

Preventing defects in the system

Finding defects through dynamic testing

Gaining confidence in the system

Finishing the project on time

41. When test cases are designed early in the lifecycle, verifying the test basis via the test design, which common test objective is being achieved ?

Gaining confidence

Finding defects

Preventing defects

Providing information for decision-making

42. A tester was executing a test case, the test data in the test case was pronounced incorrectly. The name of item that should be written in the search field should contain the value “Laptop“, but the tester wrote the value “labtob” instead.

The actual result of the test case was a message saying “There is no results for the word (labtob), did you mean (laptop)”

The tester reported the defect and written the following description “When the user searches for laptops, an error message appears, a list of laptops should appear instead”

What is the problem with this situation?

The tester made a mistake which is called “False Positive”

The tester made a mistake which is called “False Negative”

The developer made a mistake in writing the code which resulted in the bug

There is no problem with this situation

43. Which of the following, if observed in reviews and tests, would lead to problems (or conflict) within teams?

Testers and reviewers are not curious enough to find defects

Testers and reviewers are not qualified enough to find failures and faults

Testers and reviewers communicate defects as criticism against persons and not against the software product

Testers and reviewers expect that defects in the software product have already been found and fixed by the developers

44. Which objective may be obtained by having testers work closely with developers while the code is under development ?

Reduce the risk of incorrect or untestable functionality being developed

Reduce the risk of fundamental design defects and enable tests to be identified at an early stage

Reduce the risk of defects within the code and the tests

Increase the likelihood that the software meets stakeholder needs and satisfies requirements

45. Test suites are considered as which type of test work products ?

Test implementation work products

Test execution work products

Test Completion work products

Test design work products

46. Test conditions are considered as which type of test work products ?

Test planning work products

Test monitoring and control work products

Test Analysis work products

Test design work products

47. Test cases are considered as which type of test work products ?

Test planning work products

Test monitoring and control work products

Test Analysis work products

Test design work products

48. Which of the following statements BEST describes the difference between testing and debugging?

Testing pinpoints (identifies the source of) the defects. Debugging analyzes the faults and proposes prevention activities

Dynamic testing shows failures caused by defects. Debugging finds, analyzes, and removes the causes of failures in the software

Testing removes faults. Debugging identifies the causes of failure

Dynamic testing prevents causes of failures. Debugging removes the failures

49. Which of the following will prevent defects from reoccurring ?

Rotating developers to keep them motivated

Determining the environmental conditions that caused the failure

Improving processes based on root cause analysis

Prioritizing reoccurring defects higher than new defects

50. Which of the following statements are TRUE?

A.Software testing may be required to meet legal or contractual requirements

B.Software testing is mainly needed to improve the quality of the developer’s work

C.Rigorous testing and fixing of defects found can help reduce the risk of problems occurring in an operational environment

D.Rigorous testing is sometimes used to prove that all failures have been found

B and C are true, A and D are false

A and D are true, B and C are false

A and C are true, B and D are false

C and D are true, A and B are false

51. Why is it important to avoid the pesticide paradox ?

Dynamic testing is less reliable in finding bugs

Pesticides mixed with static testing can allow bugs to escape detection

Tests should not be context dependent

Running the same tests over and over will reduce the chance of finding new defects

52. In what way does root cause analysis contribute to process improvement ?

Helps to better identify the root cause of defects

Outlines how development teams can code faster

Specifies the desired root causes to be achieved by other teams

Contributes to the justification of future project funding

53. Which of the following is an example of debugging ?

A tester finds a defect and reports it

A tester retests a fix from the developer and finds a regression

A developer finds and fixes a defect

A developer performs unit testing

54. Defining and prioritizing test conditions and considering functional & non-functional characteristics occurs during which activity in the fundamental test process?

Test planning

Test analysis

Test Design

Test Completion

55. Test plans are considered as which type of test work products ?

Test planning work products

Test monitoring and control work products

Test Analysis work products

Test design work products

56. Which characteristic must a tester possess in order to be successful when working with a project team?

Constructive Communication Skills

Authoritarian leadership style

Extroverted personality

Extensive organizational network

57. An android application has a bug which results in incorrect interest payments, due to a single line of incorrect code. This bug results in customer complaints. When root cause analysis was performed, the root cause was identified as the lack of product owner understanding in the interest calculations. What solution could be used to reduce the likelihood of such bugs in the future ?

The product owner could be trained in the topic of interest calculations

The developer should review the user stories before they are implemented

The tester could imply the Invest technique on the user stories to ensure that they are written correctly

Exhaustive testing is impossible so it is impossible to reduce the likelihood of such bugs in the future

58. Which of the following is a correct statement ?

A developer makes a mistake which causes a defect that may be seen as a failure during dynamic testing

A developer makes an error which results in a failure that may be seen as a fault when the software is executed

A developer has a failure which results in a defect that may be seen as a mistake during dynamic testing

A developer makes a mistake which causes a bug that may be seen as a defect when the software is executed

59. Which of the following is an example of a defect that causes harm?

A usability defect that results in user dissatisfaction

A defect that causes slow response time when running reports

A defect that causes raw sewage to be dumped into the ocean

A regression defect that causes the desktop window to display in green

60. Which of the following statements is the MOST valid goal for a test team?

Determine whether enough component testing was executed

Cause as many failures as possible so that faults can be identified and corrected

Prove that all faults are identified

Prove that any remaining faults will not cause any failures

61. A programmer is working on code which is very complex. Which of the following is a general testing principle that may affect his work ?

Defect clustering

Pesticide paradox

Exhaustive testing is impossible

Absence of error fallacy

62. What is the test basis?

The point during software development when testing should start

The body of knowledge used for test analysis and design

The source to determine the actual results from a set of tests

The method used to systematically devise test conditions

63. What is a test condition ?

An input, expected outcome, precondition and postcondition

The steps to be taken to get the system to a given point

Something that can be tested

A specific state of the software, e.g. before a test can be run

64. Why is software testing sometimes required for legal reasons?

It prevents developers from suing testers

Contracts may specify testing requirements that must be fulfilled

International laws require software testing for exported products

Testing across systems must be accompanied by legal documentation

65. Below is a list of problems that can be observed during testing or operation. Which is MOST likely a failure?

The product crashed when the user selected an option in a dialog box

One source code file included in the build was the wrong version

The computation algorithm used the wrong input variables

The developer misinterpreted the requirement for the algorithm

66. Which two activities of the test process are often combined in many projects?

Test Analysis & Test Design

Test Design & Test Implementation

Test Implementation & Test Execution

Test Execution & Test Completion

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